Category Archives: Research & Methodology

The woes of interdisciplinary research

Not sure whether it was Cooper, Lambert and Pagh‘s first article on the supply chain management framework that debated the problem of “functional silos” first, but at least ever since, SCM researchers have been criticising companies for their organisation in these functional silos. Having said so, we researchers excel at maintaining these when it comes to teaching and even to doing research. It’s the good old “don’t step on my toes” mentality.

At the same time, we are reminded – not the least by funds – that we should break down our own functional silos and conduct interdisciplinary research. Easier said than done. First of all, what counts as “interdisciplinary“? Does marketing + SCM constitute interdisciplinary research? Or finance + SCM? Or, say, industrial management and SCM? Probably the funniest way of conducting “interdisciplinary” SCM research is to get a researcher from a technical university and one from a business school; both from their SCM faculty, of course :-)

Crossing the boundaries of other disciplines / research areas is not at all straightforward. Where does your theoretical frame then come from, and which literature do you include/exclude, on what basis? It is nice to have the tradition in SCM research to “borrow” theories from other disciplines, but the question can be disputed whether sthg then still qualifies at SCM research at all. So where are the boundaries of our “discipline”? (This is in fact a question we need to debate in conference committees over and over again.)

Yet another question arises from interdisciplinary research: does your study have to contribute to both disciplines, or is it enough to have a contribution to one? Or, as Magnus Lindskog once asked me, where do you want to leave your mark?

Gyöngyi

Open source review

Remember when Árni suggested to debate articles in public, as a sort of open source review? The Journal of Operations Management has indeed taken on the idea and publishes articles, and ideas for articles, in their operations and supply management forum. Some of the articles did already generate quite a number of (high quality) comments. Today’s topic is “too much theory, not enough understanding”. Time to log on and contribute to the debate!

Gyöngyi

Women in SCM – a survey

No, this is not about women and leadership, but yes about links between skills, gender, and logistics performance – a comparative survey of logisticians and their managers in three fields: business logistics, humanitarian logistics, and military logistics. Click here to fill in the survey – and send the link to your colleagues in the field!

Gyöngyi

PS. Here’s the link to be sent out: http://www.webropol.com/P.aspx?id=276853&cid=55080033

“Epistemological role of case studies in logistics: A critical realist perspective”

The latest issue of IJPDLM contains a paper by Jesper Aastrup, Copenhagen Business School, and Arni Halldorsson, University of Southampton. This is a Special Issue from the Nofoma 2008 conference, edited by Gyöngyi Kovács and Karen Spens, Hanken, Finland.

We presented this paper at the 2008 Nofoma conference in Helsinki Finland (and received the Schenker Best Paper award). We have been struggling with some issues of justification of our research approaches and types of scientific explanations, and decided to mix our thoughts about this. Although the paper is written in the context of logistics, the implications may also apply for other disciplines such as marketing, purchasing and operations management. We will hopefully come back to this context later.

From the abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to develop the paradigmatic justification for the use of case studies in logistics research. The argument is based on a critical realist (CR) ontology and epistemology. The current logistics paradigm’s flat ontology – based on regularity – is replaced by an ontology emphasising structures and mechanisms underlying actual events in the form of logistics practice and performance.

…Based on this CR view of the logistics domain it is argued that the justifications for conducting case studies lie in their ability: to reach the causal depth required for revealing the real domain of logistics activities and performance: to reveal the working of mechanisms in loosely coupled structures showing open systems characteristics through a constant alternation between abstract and concrete reasoning and; to include the causal powers and effects of agents’ ascribed meanings. Also, it is argued, in contrast with Yin’s work which refers to the possibility of generalising case studies, that the justification of case studies not only must refer to their complementary role in research but also must build on groundings that allow this form of research to take a primary role in knowledge creation.

…The arguments have direct implications primarily for the scientific justification for case studies in logistics.

Árni

Full reference:
Aastrup, Jepser and Halldorsson, Arni (2008): “Epistemological role of case studies in logistics: A critical realist perspective”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Volume 38, Issue 10, pp. 746-763.

Assembly line the origin of causal explanation in logistics? Must we reject “supply chain” as metaphor?

Few thoughts about the dominant position of causal explanations in logistics (and supply chain management) research.

Do causal explanations have their origin in the chain metaphor?

What is the origin of the supply chain metaphor? We probably don’t know.

Ramsay and Caldwell (2004:81)* suggest that the origins of the supply chain as metaphor is by no means clear and that “…any appearance of clarity and stability is imaginary”. The origins are lost, but conceptually, it may refer to human bucket chain (buckets of water moving along from hand to hand to put out fire) becoming a literal reference to a process.

To this observation I want to add Henry Ford’s assembly line – it has been a key reference in textbooks and journals. What is of interest for me is to consider how the ideas of sequence and the quest for regularity and stability as basis for efficient and effective flow (of materials…). Have these traits, that can be associated with the assembly line, had influence on the methodologies of research within logistics (and perhaps also related disciplines such as operations management)?

Is the quest for stability of the assembly line informing the quest for law like regularity as explanation in logistics research?

If that is the case, will we ever be able to address other types of scientific explanation but the causal one in logistics without disregarding (or perhaps rejecting) the “supply chain” as metaphor?

Árni

*Ramsay, John and Caldwell, Nigel (2004): If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail: the risks of casual trope usage in purchasing discourse, Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 10 (2004) 79–87.

Rigor AND relevance

The very same number of the Journal of Supply Chain Management publishing Oliver E. Williamson‘s SCM-related article was dedicated to the debate of bridging the gap between research and practice. Funnily, it had articles on both rigor vs. relevance (or, a rather serious debate on headlinitis in SCM research), as well as Tom (John T) Mentzer questioning whether researchers would indeed need to choose between the two. True, why wouldn’t we strive for BOTH rigor and relevance? Finally a fruitful debate in the discipline!

Funny is also the application of SCM thinking to the discipline itself. So the very same article presents a process model of SC scholarship. A bit in the vein of the old IJPDLM article on the supply chain of publishing (or rather, the “supply circle” of publishing) that reflects on the suppliers (authors), customers (=audience = authors and potential authors) and operational entities (=reviewers & editors = authors and former authors) of academic publishing. Rigor might be attested in this process, but what about relevance (vs. headlinitis)?

Gyöngyi

SCM journal ranking

For a variety of reasons, academics are always interested in journal rankings, so here is yet another one to add to the list of ranking articles we discussed on this blog, by Kovács, Spens and Vellenga (see the article here), published in the latest number of the International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications. The take on ranking issues is a bit different, as the article discusses e.g. open access publishing, regional differences in rankings, as well as communities of logistics researchers and their rankings. Apart from the fact that it is IJPDLM that tops Nordic rankings (which has in fact been confirmed by Arlbjørn, Jonsson and Johansen), it is interesting to look at the correlations between particular communities (here the ones sticking out are transportation, ops mgmt, and logistics) across which researchers do not deem each other’s journals relevant and/or plainly do not know them. So much for the three amigos; though I do still hope Árni is right about SCM as a “discipline” may bridge the gap between them. It’s definitely time to break down the functional silos within our discipline, not just in companies!

Gyöngyi

PS. Once done, someone could actually answer the question of “what is a functional silo and why is it important” on WikiAnswers.

Wanted: editors

The International Journal of Operations and Production Management (IJOPM) seeks additions to its editorial board, i.e. an associate editor from 2009 onwards, preferably with strong links to EurOMA. Applications are due by Sep 1, 2008 – for more info contact Lucy Sootheran from Emerald.

Gyöngyi

New book: Northern Lights in Logistics & Suppy Chain Management

Northern Lights in Logistics & Suppy Chain Management (edited by Jan Stentoft Arlbjørn, Árni Halldórsson, Marianne Jahre, and Karen Spens) has now been published by CBSPress, Denmark, and is available from their website.

This is how the editors introduce the book:

“Northern Lights in Logistics & Supply Chain Management” portrays the past, present and future research of the subject in the Nordic countries. The NOFOMA conference – a network of Nordic researchers within the field of Logistics and Supply Chain Management – has been a focal point in the contribution to the continuous improvement and further development of Nordic research. The network has also opened up for interaction with fellow researchers from other countries.

There are sixteen chapters in the book that in its own way colours the Nordic rainbow of research within Logistics and Supply Chain Management. The chapters are structured in four themes: 1) Origins and strategic aspects; 2) Research approaches in the Nordic countries; 3) Advancement of distribution strategies and; 4) Emerging application areas of logistics and SCM. The chapters provide an understanding and, perhaps more importantly, consciousness for scholars that are part of this research environment: Where are we now, what have we been influenced by, and in what area are we able to provide positive impact? The aim of the book is also to contribute to increased visibility to fellow international scholars within Logistics and Supply Chain Management.

Árni

Oliver E. Williamson on SCM (Journal of SCM, 2008, 44:2)

SCM scholars refer frequently to the work of Oliver E. Willamson on transaction cost economics (for example this one in SCM:AIJ).

The latest issue of Journal of Supply Chain Ma Management (2008, Vol. 44, Number 2) contains an interesting surprise: Outsourcing: Transaction Cost Economics and Supply Chain Management by Oliver E. Williamson.

This paper, that can be downloaded via the link provided here, is interesting for several reasons. First, it is (hopefully) a startingpoint of dialogue between SCM and economics. Many SCM scholars have been using the terminology of TCE for several years, but they are now getting a response. Second, my concern is that the list of references does not necessarily reflect upon this application but builds on selected references to the SCM literature. Third, and perhaps most importantly, Williamson finishes his paper by suggesting nine “TCE Queries for SCM”. You can find theme here by scrolling down this html format of the paper. These suggestions, or questions, are much needed, and will hopefully be discussed in the near future. A lack of interest or ability to do so may leave an impression that is not in favour of further development of SCM?

However, there is no reason to be pessimistic, here is the first of nine questions raised by Williamson:

(1) TCE subscribes to pragmatic methodology. What is the methodology of SCM?

Now, the floor is yours! It would be interesting to discuss this and the other eight suggestions.

Árni